| rxiVerse > Relativity and Cosmology > 2608 |
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| rxiVerse > Relativity and Cosmology > 2608 |
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[18] rxiVerse:2608.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-24 11:56:21
Authors: Andrew Dundas Laurent
Comments: 5 Pages.
The prevailing LambdaCDM cosmological model relies on three largely invisible, theoretical structures: the metric expansion of space (to explain redshift), Dark Energy (to explain accelerating expansion), and cold Dark Matter (to explain galactic kinematics). This thesis proposes a unified, macro-systemic alternative. By treating the intergalactic and interstellar environments not as passive vacuums, but as dynamic, anisotropic networks of magnetized plasma and cosmic dust, we can account for these phenomena strictly through electromagnetic and gravitational interactions with standard baryonic matter.We introduce the Unified Drag Theory (UDT), which posits that the universe operates as a refractive fluid. We formulate Cumulative Micro-Lensing Attenuation (CMLA) and Refractive Drag as the true mechanisms for cosmological redshift, presenting a wavelength-dependent geometric modification to eliminate the need for Dark Energy. At the quantum scale, we propose that fundamental matter consists of highly energetic, trapped electromagnetic waves, with nuclear decay driven by the elongation of these trapped waves. Furthermore, we propose Electromagnetic Star Migration as the physical driver of anomalous galactic rotation curves.In contrast to the LambdaCDM model which requires space itself to violently expand from a singularity, the UDT framework posits that space is a preexisting, static infinite. We propose The Great Condensation, an epoch where an infinite, quasi-uniform medium of raw baryonic plasma began to aggregate via microscopic, randomized gravitational fluctuations. Rather than exploding outward, the universe condensed inward locally, organizing from a dormant static fog into the interconnected, electromagnetically active cosmic web of galaxies we observe today.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] rxiVerse:2608.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-23 11:55:12
Authors: Andrew C. Russell
Comments: 3 Pages. See https://emergent-time-framework.org/ for further information on the Emergent Time Framework
This paper presents a formal first-principles derivation of both the 2D anisotropic (a0) and 3D isotropic (aF) cosmic acceleration floors directly from the invariant Planck power limit PL=c^5/G. Within the Emergent Time Framework (ETF), macroscopic spacetime geometry is the generative exhaust of discrete quantum action cycles processing within mass-bearing matter. By evaluating the maximum cosmic tension force (c^4/G) against the Schwarzschild boundary mass of the causal Hubble volume, we derive an unpartitioned global expansion acceleration baseline. We demonstrate that projecting this baseline across internal Cartesian degrees of freedom yields the 2D galactic plane acceleration floor, while projecting across a closed spherical boundary yields the 3D isotropic floor. Anchoring these thresholds to H(z) eliminates arbitrary free parameters, resolves the empirical success of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), and provides a natural mechanism for the accelerated structural evolution observed in high-redshift galaxies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] rxiVerse:2608.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-21 00:08:15
Authors: Dmitry Matytsyn
Comments: 6 Pages.
This paper critically reviews the mainstream concept of non-zero neutrino rest mass and investigates an alternative mechanism for interpreting experimental data. Based on macroscopic astrophysical observations of the supernova SN 1987A, it is demonstrated that the strictly simultaneous detection of neutrino and photon pulses rules out the existence of a neutrino rest mass. Concurrently, standard kinematic calculations of relativistic particle time delays are shown to be mathematical approximations that ignore the physical reality that only the total energy of the radiation field is measurable. As an alternative to the quantum mechanical model of flavor oscillations, a thermodynamic approach is proposed, derived from Paragraph 115 of Richard C. Tolman's foundational work, Relativity, Thermodynamics, and Cosmology. The author postulates that the observed alteration in the neutrino energy profile over cosmic distances (misinterpreted as flavor mixing) represents a continuous loss of total radiation energy due to gravitational interactions with discrete matter particles. This effect is mathematically inevitable if the propagation speed of gravity strictly differs from the speed of light. The paper presents a unified, classical model of massless radiation for both photons and neutrinos within a stationary Universe
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] rxiVerse:2608.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-19 07:24:10
Authors: Flemming Ravn
Comments: 18 Pages.
What if gravity is not a force carried by invisible particles, but the geometric wake of matter in the expanding flow of spacetime?A single closure equation f² − 2πf + π = 0, derived from the energy of a monopole perturbation in a Hubble flow, determines the cosmological matter content from two measured inputs alone: the baryon density from nuclear physics and the acoustic scale from Planck. No free background cosmological parameters.The model derives Hu2080 = 72.60 km/s/Mpc (0.4σ from SH0ES), au2080 = 1.230 × 10u207b¹u2070 m/s² (0.1σ from SPARC), and σu2088 = 0.744 (0.5σ from DES). Tested against Planck 2018 CMB peak amplitudes: χ² = 19.1 with 3 fitted parameters, compared to 61.4 for ΛCDM with 6. The Hubble tension dissolves.The paper presents the full derivation, phenomenological CMB test, and identifies the single postulate (tr(M) = 2π) that remains to be derived from a variational principle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] rxiVerse:2608.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-19 14:39:00
Authors: Bing Zhang, Aizhong Jia
Comments: 19 Pages. AI+，V1, English
In the Graviton Condensation Cosmology (GCC) framework — which posits that gravity emerged from a spin-2 collective mode condensing in hot QCD matter, supported by lattice measurements of the Lüscher coefficient a predicted nanohertz gravitational-wave break at and fQCD.3nHz— the central question remains: what set the initial conditions that the QCD phase transition froze? We propose that the GCC residues share a single macro-origin — a confining gauge sector whose center-vortex network is the common seed — acting on two causally distinct tiers. The fractal dimension of the network is shared across tiers by percolation universality (a geometric property of 3D connectivity, independent of energy scale), not by dynamical inheritance...
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] rxiVerse:2608.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-19 15:19:47
Authors: Bing Zhang, Aizhong Jia
Comments: 15 Pages. AI+，V1, English
We present a Bayesian inference of the spin-2 (quadrupole) Landau Fermi-liquid parameter F2(n)in dense nuclear matter, using neutron-star observables and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) constraints on the equation of state (EOS). A newly upgraded Skyrme-like EOS parametrization resolvesearlier parameter-boundary problems and enforces proper nuclear saturation. The Babu-Brown v8.0induced interaction is incorporated as a prior connecting the direct (bare) and particle-hole Landau parameters. Our primary result, based on current QMC data plus the Babu-Brown prior, isF2(ρ0) = −3.20±0.54 at saturation density, with a Pomeranchuk crossing density nc = 1.49+0.10−0.13 n0and P(nc < 2n0) = 100%. This is within 0.3σ of the χEFT uncertainty quantification (−2.98±0.75)and represents the closest Bayesian crossing density to the forward RPA value (1.17n0). With projected improved QMC data the posterior tightens to F2(ρ0) = −2.46 ± 0.35, resolving the previous"precision paradox." Extending the forward calculation to finite temperature with full Lindhard numerics and N2LO beyond-RPA corrections, we find the crossing density increases only mildly withT, from nc = 1.17n0 at T = 0 to 1.52n0 at the QCD transition temperature, with P(F2 ≤ −5) staying near 50% across the entire range—confirming that the instability, and hence the condensationcondition, is robust in the early-universe environment. The consistency between forward manybody calculations, chiral effective-field-theory uncertainty quantification, and inverse Bayesian inference strongly supports the Pomeranchuk instability in the quadrupole channel as the microscopicfoundation of the graviton analogue conjecture in the Graviton Condensation Cosmology (GCC)framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] rxiVerse:2608.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-17 11:27:37
Authors: Jan Suominen
Comments: Presentation of the work-in-progress on the Unified Sisu-Theory framework covering the Sisu-Substance. 2 pages. Language: English. CC BY 4.0.
The Grand Unified Sisu Theory redefines reality by replacing the void of empty space with a dynamic material continuum: The Sisu-Substance. In this unbroken universal medium, there is no separation between matter and nothingness. Instead, everything that exists emerges from a single cosmic substrate, where elementary particles are simply local condensations and swirling vortices within the substance of space itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] rxiVerse:2608.0050 [pdf] replaced on 2026-08-20 22:05:17
Authors: Andrew C. Russell
Comments: 20 Pages. Added Section 4.7
Building upon previous work on the Emergent Time Framework (ETF) by the author, this paper introduces an ontological perspective that replaces the static, four-dimensional classical block universe with a dynamic, emergent time field overlaying the three spatial dimensions. Traditional causality is inverted by proposing that temporal duration (dt) is not a pre-existing geometric dimension upon which physical processes occur but is rather the direct product of discrete energy transformations from which time and geometry emerge. This paper proposes a direct energy-to-geometry mechanism, wherein the universal quantum of action generates discrete packets of proper time, or equivalently geometry, whenever mass-bearing matter undergoes a vector-mediated energy transformation that induces an inertial response.This approach honours general covariance and General Relativity, providing a micro-physical foundation for classical coordinate systems. By treating smooth relativistic intervals as the linear, macroscopic fluid limit of discrete quantum events, aligning with thermodynamic derivations of spacetime equations, we show mathematically that the core scaling laws of relativity, specifically the Lorentz factor and the Schwarzschild metric component, emerge natively from energy dynamics instead of geometric postulates, as they currently are. By replacing mathematical infinities with a physical zero where energy transitions are entirely inhibited, this energy-to-geometry model proposes a resolution to the paradox of central singularities in black holes and establishes a convergent bridge between discrete quantum action and large-scale relativistic smoothness.Finally, by aggregating this local ensemble mechanism across the total volume of the observable universe, the collective linear summation of concurrent transformations at the quantum level is shown to generate the invariant Planck power limit. Acting as an emergent, macroscopic active metric engine driven by these continuous quantum action exchanges, this invariant power throughput provides a dynamic physical mechanism for isotropic cosmic expansion that we propose eliminates the need for arbitrary cosmological constants or a dark energy mechanism. Furthermore, by extending this vector-mediated geometric generation to galaxy systems, we propose a purely geometric solution that does away with the requirement for dark matter halos.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] rxiVerse:2608.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-16 02:34:32
Authors: Runsheng Tu
Comments: 21 Pages.
Two axioms were excavated. Axiom 1: Only by allowing communication and generating consensus can we ensure equal rights for different individuals. Axiom 2: Objective existence is an original independent existence that is independent of measurement and does not rely on third parties. Let A and B move relative to each other and observe each other's clocks. In the language of relativity, they all believe that the observed clock slows down. The consensus between A and B is that Aclock is both slower and faster than B clock. According to Axiom 2, it can be concluded that quantum mechanics must be a 'local realism'. So, the Copenhagen quantum mechanics explanation violates Axiom 2. One of the methods for qualitatively and quantitatively coordinating relative and absolute is to assume that the clock of absolute motion slows down, thus establishing a relative absolute spatiotemporal view. According to the Dirac equation, the existence of negative mass matter can be predicted. A positive mass particle and a negative mass particle cannot fall at the same acceleration in the induced field. Einstein's explanation of spacetime curvature was fatally challenged. The potential energy of electromagnetic interactions in the Schrödinger equation can be replaced with gravitational potential energy to form the Schrödinger-Tu equation. The potential energy in the equation can be further transformed into force (electromagnetic force and/or gravitational force). the mathematical factors of quantum theory and classical theory can be written into the same equation. The classical laws of mechanics can be expressed using wave mechanics equations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] rxiVerse:2608.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-15 01:04:29
Authors: Ricardo J Miralles
Comments: 63 Pages. Paper in Spanish
This work presents a comprehensive pregeometric synthesis within the Folded Crunch Dipole — Reversed Big Bang (FCD-RBv4) framework, offering an alternative physical ontology where gravity, gauge fields, and quantum entanglement are unified as manifestations of a single five-dimensional brane-bulk system. We demonstrate that special relativity is not an axiomatic kinematic constraint, but rather the dynamical saturation limit of velocity-dependent anchor braking acting on Einstein-Rosen (ER) trans-brane bridges. General relativity is reformulated as an emergent thermodynamic phenomenon governed by a continuous connectivity field d(x,t) that resolves Jacobson's boundary paradox in cosmic voids. At the microscopic scale, the ER=EPR conjecture is realized literally: massive quarks represent bifurcated endpoints of trans-brane ER bridges whose mass-energy budget (MD = 6m) naturally predicts a Dark Matter to Baryonic Matter ratio of 5.32, in close agreement with cosmological bounds. The electromagnetic charge and half-integer spin emerge from the topological helicity and toroidal holonomy of the ER throat at the Compton scale (R0 ≈ 0.631 fm). Furthermore, we resolve the neutron-proton mass gap (1.290 MeV) through identical internal electromagnetic self-energies of the tripole, and explain the slow rate of stellar fusion via a topological '3+3' capacity veto. Finally, we establish the observational roadmap for FCD-RBv4, highlighting critical tests: Euclid/DESI-2 radial Alcock-Paczynski sideband splitting (132/168 Mpc), local Hubble anisotropy, and magnetic suppression of the 511 keV positron annihilation line in extreme magnetohydrodynamic environments (COSI). This compendium bridges the gap between quantum pregeometry and cosmological observables, paving the way for a testable, singularity-free unified physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] rxiVerse:2608.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-12 13:52:13
Authors: Bing Zhang, Aizhong Jia
Comments: 29 Pages. AI+，V1
The companion paper [Paper I] identified the Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR) of atomic nuclei as a spin-2 collective mode sharing the kinematic identity of the graviton, and reported a 0.4% selfconsistency closure between the GQR frequency and neutron-star observables. However, Paper I left a crucial question unaddressed: whether this kinematic identity is dynamically self-consistent — i.e., whether the collective behavior of GQR-active nuclei is compatible with,rather than contradictory to, the observed macroscopic laws of gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] rxiVerse:2608.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-12 14:42:50
Authors: Bing Zhang, Aizhong Jia
Comments: 21 Pages. AI+，V1
We propose Graviton Condensation Cosmology (GCC): the conjecture that the Big Bang was not the origin of spacetime but a graviton-condensation event — the moment when hot, dense QCD matter crossed a critical density and the massless spin-2 collective mode condensed to become the gravitational interaction. GCC rests on three pillars: (P1) gravity emerges from strongly-coupled matter — verified by two independent lattice QCD routes: Path A (the Lüscher term of the confining string, measured at b = −0.128 ± 0.015 in 3D SU(2) at 0.2σ and, in the physical SU(3) gauge group, at b = −π/24 (7.6σ) in 3D and b = −π/12 (9.9σ) in 4D, the 4D/3D ratio 1.90 ± 0.32 confirming exactly two graviton transverse polarisations — see §2.2.3) and Path B (4D SU(2) 2u207au207a glueball detection at m ≈ 777 MeV, confirming the spin-2 channel exists and is measurable at amateur scales, consistent with the LTW2004 literature anchor); (P2) the early universe was a QCD-dominated medium — standard cosmology; (P3) the spin-2 mode condensed at a critical density, establishing geometric spacetime — proposed. The critical density is estimated from three independent calculations of the Landau parameter Fu2082: RPA (Fu2082 = −3.65 ± 0.41), χEFT (−2.98 ± 0.75), and Bayesian model averaging (−3.20 ± 0.54), yielding a triangular consistency at n_c ≈ 1.17—1.49 nu2080. Spectral function analysis confirms spin-2 softening to ω → 0 at n ≈ 1.18nu2080 (T = 0), with overdamping at T ≥ 20 MeV. GCC predicts a primordial gravitational-wave background with a characteristic QCD-scale break at f_QCD ≈ 3.2 nHz (range 2.3—4.0 nHz), with amplitude Ω_GW h² = 7.1×10u207bu2075 × ε, distinct from the scale-invariant inflationary spectrum. This provides a falsifiable test with NANOGrav/EPTA/SKA/LISA. We state explicitly the unsolved problems — the 10u2074u2074 cosmological-constant overshoot (partially resolved by a kinetic freeze-out mechanism) and the 10³u2076—10u2074u2070 coupling suppression — and position GCC against Verlinde entropic gravity, ER=EPR, and Sakharov induced gravity. A scale-invariant primordial spectrum with no QCD-scale break would exclude GCC; conversely, a break at 2.3—4.0 nHz would constitute decisive support.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] rxiVerse:2608.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-12 15:37:32
Authors: Bing Zhang
Comments: 11 Pages. AI+，V1, English
We present a systematic forward Random Phase Approximation (RPA) calculation of the spin-2 (quadrupole) Landau parameter ��2in symmetric nuclear matter, using realistic nuclear forces anchored to the Backman--Brown--Niskanen benchmark. The Fock baseline ��2(Fock)=−0.86from one-pion and one-rho exchange is enhanced by tensor ladder diagrams (−0.41), three-body forces from ��EFT at NLO (−0.40), and medium pion softening via the Δ-hole model (−0.27), yielding a bare sum ��2(bare)=−1.93 RPA ring-diagram screening provides a critical:��2(RPA)=��2(brea)/(1+��2(bre/5)=−3.15, a 63% enhancement driven by the positive feedback of attractive interactions in the ��=2channel. Including a conservative beyond-RPA correction (−0.50±0.25), the final result is ��(��0)=−3.65±0.41, with a Monte Carlo closure probability ��(��2≤-5)≈0.1%at saturation density. The Pomeranchuk threshold ��2=−5is crossed at ��/��0≈1.17, only 17% above saturation density. This result is corroborated by two independent methods in companion papers: Bayesian inference from neutron-star observables gives ��2=−3.20±0.54 with ����=1.49��0(Paper 2), and EFT uncertainty quantification gives ��2=−2.98±0.75 (Paper 2). The convergence of all three methods on ����<2��0substantially strengthens the case for a quadrupole Pomeranchuk instability in neutron-rich matter. In the context of the GCC tetralogy, this calculation provides the microscopic foundation for the graviton analogue conjecture of Paper 3: the spin-2 collective mode becomes gapless at accessible densities, satisfying the Weinberg masslessness condition.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] rxiVerse:2608.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-08 13:21:14
Authors: Jørgen Ruben Andersen
Comments: 28 Pages.
This paper presents the first fully explicit mathematical formulation of the minimal model underlying the entanglement ontology developed in Chapters 49, 50, 50A, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 55A, 56, 57, 58, and 59 of the e-book The Secrets of the Universe — From Microscopic Particles to Cosmic Structures, with the specific minimal model formalized here being presented in Chapter 55A. The broader entanglement ontology is also developed in the rxiVerse publications 2606.0018, 2607.005, and 2607.0039. The universe is modelled as a weighted relational network in which the primitive physical degrees of freedom are complex-valued coherence strengths assigned to the connections between nodes. The nodes themselves carry no independent physical information and function only as meeting points for relations. The fundamental dynamical principle is formulated as a consistency variational principle. Physically admissible configurations are defined as stationary configurations of a consistency functional that measures the degree of inconsistency between neighbouring relational degrees of freedom. Variation of this functional generates an edge-based Laplacian operator governing the consistency structure of the network.A central claim of the minimal model is that the edge Laplacian, rather than the conventional node Laplacian, provides the more natural fundamental operator when the primitive degrees of freedom reside on relations rather than on nodes. The edge Laplacian is constructed through the line-graph representation of the network and related to the conventional node Laplacian through the incidence structure of the graph. This establishes a mathematical connection between the relational degrees of freedom and the familiar spectral operators of graph theory.The spectral hypothesis of the framework is correspondingly formulated in terms of the eigenvalue spectrum of the edge Laplacian. The paper further investigates a possible extension in which the edge-based spectral structure is embedded within a larger operator acting on the combined space of node and edge degrees of freedom. This construction suggests a possible connection to the spectral viewpoint of noncommutative geometry, in which geometric information can be encoded in the spectrum of an appropriate Dirac-type operator. Within the proposed framework, space, time, and physical scales are interpreted as potentially emergent properties of the spectral structure of the underlying relational network. Spatial structure is associated with the organization of eigenmodes, while temporal ordering may emerge from the relaxation dynamics generated by the edge Laplacian. The characteristic propagation scale associated with the model is likewise conjectured to be related to the lowest non-trivial spectral scale of the network. Dimensionless physical constants are proposed as possible spectral quantities selected by the underlying consistency structure.These interpretations remain hypotheses rather than established physical results. The paper therefore identifies three principal mathematical problems for future investigation: determining the class of relational networks compatible with the proposed consistency principle; testing numerically whether the resulting edge-Laplacian spectra can reproduce observed dimensionless physical constants; and determining whether a suitable continuum limit exists in which the discrete edge-based operator converges to an appropriate Dirac-type operator and thereby supports a connection with noncommutative geometry. The purpose of the model is consequently not to claim a completed theory of fundamental physics, but to establish a precise mathematical starting point from which the proposed entanglement ontology can be subjected to rigorous analysis, numerical investigation, and ultimately empirical testing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] rxiVerse:2608.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-05 06:59:28
Authors: Frank Wolter
Comments: Conceptual blueprint and call for co-authorship. This paper outlines a qualitative physical framework. A comprehensive bilingual version is included in the PDF: Pages 1—6 in English, pages 7—12 in German.
This concept paper proposes an alternative, singularity-free cosmological model that geometrically precludes the formation of a zero-dimensional point singularity during the gravitational collapse of highly concentrated masses. By introducing a fundamental Planck density limit, the kinetic energy of the collapse is smoothly transformed into an invariant primordial spin (torsion), while the external origin system passes by in a relativistic time-lapse. A two-stage symmetry breaking (metric and chirality breaking) induces the emergence of four distinct spacetime layers. These layers behave analogously to elastic sheets that mutually attract, drag, and stabilize each other through a relational, observer-dependent towing mechanism, thereby spanning the macroscopic three-dimensional space matrix. This model contributes a novel approach to the unification of physics: it demonstrates that both General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics have hitherto only described isolated localized effects within our world, without recognizing the underlying cause driven by the three complementary sister universes. By analyzing the entire system of all four universes, incomplete auxiliary constructs such as acausal quantum randomness become mathematically and conceptually obsolete.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] rxiVerse:2608.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-04 08:02:28
Authors: Isao Satake
Comments: 16 Pages.
This paper extends the spacetime relaxation model by proposing a unified dynamical interpretationof particle mass, internal time delay, and particle size in terms of a stable spacetimedistortion.In the present model, matter is not regarded as a fundamental material substance, but asa dynamically stabilized relaxation structure formed through nonlinear interference and finitespeedrelaxation of spacetime distortions. A local delay of proper time within such a structuregives rise to delayed internal phase dynamics.The energy associated with the spacetime distortion is interpreted as energy retained in thedelayed relaxation process. By identifying this stored spacetime energy with the rest energyobserved externally, the relationEST = mc2is given a dynamical interpretation without treating mass as an independent fundamentalquantity.Furthermore, a self-consistency condition for the internal phase circulation,2πR = Nλint,constrains the characteristic spatial scale of the stable structure. This establishes a commonframework connecting distortion depth, internal time delay, internal phase dynamics, storedenergy, and particle size.The present model therefore suggests that particle mass and particle size may be interpretedas energetic and spatial manifestations of a single spacetime relaxation structure. The formulationremains phenomenological, but it provides a basis for developing a more quantitativedynamical theory of matter.Keywords: spacetime distortion, origin of mass, mass—energy relation, internal phase energy,internal time delay, particle size, self-consistency
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] rxiVerse:2608.0013 [pdf] replaced on 2026-08-16 21:00:25
Authors: Zhongyi Zhang
Comments: 4 Pages.
The Wang--Zheng experiment demonstrated a travel-time difference for counter-propagating light beams in a uniformly moving fiber. Unlike traditional Sagnac setups involving rotation, their experiment included straight-line moving segments, yet the observed fringe shift persisted. We point out that in this and most Sagnac-type experiments, the emission direction is perpendicular to the source's motion, which decouples the source's motion from the light path. We propose a simple modification: change the emission direction from perpendicular to parallel. In the parallel case, the light must be emitted directly from the source along the direction of motion, without redirection. A straightforward calculation suggests that the one-way travel time difference should be zero when source and detector are co-moving. This test has never been performed and would clarify the interpretation of the Sagnac effect.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] rxiVerse:2608.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-02 22:02:07
Authors: Kaveh Rouhani
Comments: This report is 41 pages and will require a telecon powerpoint kickoff typically to help with the theory
A single axiom leads into three paid debts requested by the framework to the derivation of great relations between the proton, neutron, electron, and other known constants. The 4 papers also provide highly detailed results that are testable and can falsify the theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology